The Urbanization of Opera1997
music theater in Paris in the nineteenth century
by Anselm Gerhard
Why do so many operas end in suicide, murder, and death? Why do many characters in large-scale operas exhibit neurotic behaviors worthy of psychoanalysis? Why are the legendary grands operas - much celebrated in their time - so seldom performed today?
Anselm Gerhard argues that such questions can only be answered by recognizing that daily life in rapidly urbanized mid-nineteenth-century Paris introduced not just new socioeconomic and political forces, but also new modes of perception and expectations of art.
Attempting to respond to changes in urban life and psychological outlook, librettists and composers of grand opera developed new forms and conventions, as well as new staging and performance practices - for instance, the tableau, in which the chorus typically plays the role of a...